World Polio Day 2021: Know theme and why it is celebrated on October 24

World Polio Day is celebrated every year on 24 October. It was initiated by Rotary International over a decade ago to commemorate the birth of Jonas Salk, who developed a vaccine against poliomyelitis.

World Polio Day 2021 Theme: “One Day. One Focus: Ending Polio – delivering on our promise of a polio-free world!”

Use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine and live oral poliovirus vaccine led to the establishment of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988. It is a public-private partnership includes Rotary, the World Health Organisation (WHO), the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, UNICEF, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and governments of the countries.

About Polio

Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious viral disease, which mainly affects young children (under five years of age). The virus is transmitted by person-to-person spread mainly through the faecal-oral route or, less frequently, by a common vehicle (e.g. contaminated water or food) and multiplies in the intestine, from where it can enter the nervous system and can cause paralysis.

Symptoms

Initial symptoms are fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness of the neck and pain in the limbs. 1 in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis (usually in the legs). Among those paralysed, 5% to 10% die when their breathing muscles become nonfunctional.

Prevention

There is no cure, but safe and effective vaccines are there. Polio can be prevented through immunization. Polio vaccine is given multiple times, almost always protects a child for life. The strategy to eradicate polio is therefore based on preventing infection by immunizing every child until transmission stops and the world is polio-free. There are two types of vaccine to prevention infection.

• OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine): It is given orally as a birth dose for institutional deliveries, then primary three doses at 6, 10 & 14 weeks and one booster dose at 16-24 months of age.
• Injectable Polio Vaccine (IPV): Two fractional doses are given at 6 and 14 weeks of age by Intradermal route on the right upper arm.

Joint statement by WHO-UNICEF-ROTARY on World Polio Day

Today as the world commemorates World Polio Day with the theme, “One Day. One Focus: Ending Polio – delivering on our promise of a polio-free world!”, and Ethiopia launches a nationwide polio vaccination (nOPV2) campaign, we – the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF and ROTARY – reaffirm our commitment to continue delivering on our promise of a polio-free world for current and future generations.

In 1988, the world committed to eradicate wild polio virus, and today, five out of six WHO regions are certified free of wild polio virus, with wild polio virus reported only from two endemic countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Two cases of wild polio virus type 1 were reported globally as of mid-October 2021 compared with 125 for the same period in 2020.

On 25 August 2020, the independent Africa Regional Certification Commission (ARCC) for Polio Eradication officially declared that the WHO African Region that constitutes 47 member states is free of wild poliovirus (WPV).

Though 99.9 per cent of polio has been wiped out with the oral polio vaccine, in rare cases when not enough children are reached, other forms of the virus continue to circulate. To overcome this, today Ethiopia launches a nationwide polio vaccination campaign with the nOPV2 vaccine targeting over 17 million under-five children to help end the circulation of all forms of polio virus.

The campaign will be conducted in all regions of the country on 22-25 October 2021. Vaccinators will move from house to house for this campaign, and will also use temporary fixed sites in camps for internally displaced people (IDP camps) and transit areas.

As we commemorate World Polio Day and launch the nationwide campaign, we reaffirm our unwavering commitment to continue working with the Government of Ethiopia to ensure that every child everywhere is vaccinated to stop the circulation of vaccine-derived polio virus in Ethiopia.

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) continues to play a critical role in fighting poliomyelitis worldwide. While the COVID-19 pandemic has put gains on polio eradication and other broader health goals at risk, lessons learnt from years of implementing the polio programme will not only help sustain the significant progress made but also contribute to containing the COVID-19 pandemic, and strengthening health systems to withstand similar threats.

The impressive progress in Ethiopia would not have been possible without the leadership of the Ethiopian Ministry of Health, the commitment of frontline workers and the generous support of polio partners such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USAID, CCRDA/CORE Group and other immunizations partners.

As we jointly commemorate World Polio Day with the one-year anniversary of the WHO African Region’s certification as wild poliovirus free, we call on the Government of Ethiopia and our immunization partners to join us in celebrating the progress we have collectively made so far and reaffirming our joint commitment to end polio everywhere.